Gaza is a
Palestinian city in the
Gaza Strip, with a population of about 450,000, making it the largest city in the
Palestinian territories. Inhabited since at least the 15th century BCE, Gaza has been dominated by several different peoples and empires throughout its history. The
Philistines made it a part of their
pentapolis after the
Ancient Egyptians had ruled it for nearly 350 years. In 635 CE, it became the first city in
Palestine to be conquered by the
Rashidun army and quickly developed into a centre of
Islamic law. As a result of the
1948 Arab–Israeli War,
Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip territory and several improvements were undertaken in the city. Gaza was captured by
Israel in the
Six-Day War in 1967, but in 1993, the city was transferred to the Palestinian National Authority. Following the 2006 election,
conflict broke out as the
Fatah party seemed unwilling to transfer power to
Hamas, resulting in Hamas taking power in Gaza by force. Most of Gaza's inhabitants are Muslim, although there exists a Christian minority.
A
Bedouin woman in
Jerusalem, sometime between 1898 and 1914, dressed in Palestinian costume, the traditional
clothing worn by
Palestinians. Many of the handcrafted garments were richly
embroidered and the creation and maintenance of these items played a significant role in the lives of the region's women. Until the 1940s, traditional Palestinian costumes reflected a woman's economic status, whether married or single, and the town or district of origin, and a knowledgeable observer could glean such information from the
fabric, colors, cut, and embroidery motifs (or lack thereof) in a given woman's apparel.
Muhammad '
Izzat Darwaza (
Arabic: محمد عزت دروزة; 1888–1984) was a
Palestinian politician, historian, and educator from
Nablus. Early in his career, he worked as an
Ottoman bureaucrat in
Palestine and
Lebanon. Darwaza had long been a sympathizer of
Arab nationalism and became an activist of that cause following the
Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire in 1916, joining the nationalist
al-Fatat society. As such, he campaigned for the union of
Greater Syria (modern-day
Levant) and vehemently opposed
Zionism and foreign mandates in Arab lands. From 1922 to 1927, he served as an educator and as the principal at the
an-Najah National School where he implemented a pro-Arab nationalist educational system, promoting the ideas of Arab independence and unity. Darwaza's particular brand of Arab nationalism was influenced by
Islam and his beliefs in Arab unity and the oneness of
Arabic culture. Later, Darwaza co-founded the nationalist
Istiqlal party in Palestine and was a principal organizer of anti-
British demonstrations. In 1937, he was exiled to
Damascus as a result of his activities and from there he helped support the
Arab revolt in the
British Mandate of Palestine. He was incarcerated in Damascus by
French authorities for his involvement in the revolt, and while in prison he began to study the
Qur'an and its interpretations. In 1945, after he was released, Darwaza eventually compiled his own
interpretation entitled al-Tafsir al-Hadith. In 1946, he joined the
Arab Higher Committee led by
Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, but resigned the next year after being disenfranchised by al-Husayni's methods. He left for Syria afterward and briefly aided in the unity talks between Syria and
Egypt in the mid-1950s. By the time of his death in 1984, Darwaza had written over thirty books and published numerous articles on the
Palestinian question, Arab history, and Islam.
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