The origins of the Internet date back to the development of
packet switching and research commissioned by the
United States Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable
time-sharing of computers. The primary precursor network, the
ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1970s. The funding of the
National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional,
personal, and
mobilecomputers were connected to the network. Although the Internet was widely used by
academia in the 1980s,
commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life. (Full article...)
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the volume and quality of traffic to a
web site from
search engines via "natural"
search results. Usually, the earlier a site is presented in the search results, or the higher it "ranks," the more searchers will visit that site. SEO can also target different kinds of search, including
image search,
local search, and industry-specific
vertical search engines. As a
marketing strategy for increasing a site's relevancy, SEO considers how search
algorithms work and what people search for. SEO efforts may involve a site's coding, presentation, and structure, as well as fixing problems that could prevent search engine indexing programs from fully
spidering a site. Other, more noticeable efforts may include adding unique
content to a site, and making sure that the content is easily indexed by search engines and also appeals to human visitors. The acronym "SEO" can also refer to "search engine optimizers," a term adopted by an industry of
consultants who carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients, and by employees who perform SEO services in-house.
... that a pro-EU explanation of how
Baileys is made, given by British MP Mike Gapes, was described as being "infinitely
memeable" and giving him a "bizarre online infamy"?
Vannevar Bush (March 11, 1890 – June 30, 1974) was an American
engineer and science administrator, known for his work on
analog computing, his political role in the development of the
atomic bomb, and the idea of the
memex—seen as a pioneering concept for the
World Wide Web. A leading figure in the development of the
military–industrial complex and the
military funding of science in the United States, Bush was a prominent policymaker and public intellectual ("the patron saint of American science") during World War II and the ensuing
Cold War. Through his public career, Bush was a proponent of democratic
technocracy and of the centrality of technological innovation and entrepreneurship for both economic and geopolitical security.
Image 5The digital divide measured in terms of bandwidth is not closing, but fluctuating up and down. Gini coefficients for telecommunication capacity (in kbit/s) among individuals worldwide (from Internet access)
This map presents an overview of broadband affordability, as the relationship between average yearly income per capita and the cost of a broadband subscription (data referring to 2011). Source: Information Geographies at the Oxford Internet Institute. (from Internet access)
Computing is not about computers. It is about life. We are discussing a fundamental cultural change: Being digital is not just being a geek or Internet surfer or mathematically savvy child. It is actually a way of living and is going to impact everything.
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